Basics of Thermal Insulation

The two major functions of thermal (building) insulation are to control temperatures of inside surfaces that affect the comfort of occupants and aid or deter condensation; and to conserve energy by reducing heat transmission. Applying insulation also perform other functions such as adding structural strength to a wall, ceiling, or floor; provide surface finish support; stop water vapor transmission; reduce damage to equipment and structure from exposure to fire or freezing conditions; and reduce noise and vibration.

Thermal insulation covers a broad range - from absolute zero to 1649 degress Celcius. These broad range are subdivided into four types that will help classify insulation application:

1. Low Temperatures: Insulation for vessels containing very low temperatures (cryogenic).

2. Ambient Temperatures: Insulation for building structures.

3. Medium Temperatures: Insulation for pipes, tanks, and equipment in industrial process heat applications.

4. High Temperatures: Insulation used for foundry, aerospace industry, nuclear power facilities and other high heat requirement industries.

Architects and builders usually deal with insulations in the ambient temperature range. There is really no straight rule on how much insulation to use, the amount needed varies from building to building and from one locality to another. It depends partly on the climate and to some extent what the house is built of, how well it is built, and how well maintained. It also depends on how well it is shaded from the sun (countries in hot climates like the Philippines).

Insulating your home, if done correctly, will have two important results, it will save you money on energy bills; and add to the comfort of your home. All homes where artificial heat is required or where the heat of the sun is intense should be insulated. Even in a well-constructed house, heat will pass through the roof and even walls if there is no thermal insulation.

Insulation should be installed whenever possible during the construction of the house or added to an existing house. They will cost you a bit, but the results and comfort in the long run is more than enough to pay for the cost.